French relative pronouns (qui, que, dont, and où) link dependent clauses to the nouns they describe. This lesson explains the logic behind each one and how to choose the right pronoun based on the grammatical role of the head noun.

Depuis, pendant, and il y a all mean “for” or “ago” in English, but each one signals a different relationship between an action and time, and each requires a different French verb tense. This lesson explains the differences with clear examples.

When one French verb is followed by another in infinitive form, you often need à or de in between. Which one depends entirely on the main verb. This lesson covers the key verbs in each category, with tables and examples throughout.